You said:
How is the following related to susan Haack anf C.I.Lewis: “Let me first turn to Chisholm. He defends a version of foundationalism which has a foundationalist and a coherentist aspect. He writes: “There are two moments of epistemic justification, one of them foundational and the other not.”{20}”
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
The quote from Chisholm, highlighting the dual aspects of epistemic justification—foundational and non-foundational—can be related to Susan Haack and C.I. Lewis in the following ways:
Susan Haack
Susan Haack is known for her theory of “foundherentism,” which combines elements of foundationalism and coherentism. Her view acknowledges that epistemic justification involves both foundational beliefs (those that are justified independently) and coherence among a system of beliefs. Haack’s framework resonates with Chisholm’s idea of “two moments of epistemic justification” by suggesting that justification is neither purely foundational nor purely coherent but a blend of both. Chisholm’s acknowledgment of foundational and non-foundational elements aligns with Haack’s hybrid approach.
C.I. Lewis
C.I. Lewis contributed significantly to foundationalist epistemology with his concept of the “given.” Lewis argued that some knowledge comes directly from immediate experience (foundational), but this raw data requires interpretation through a conceptual framework, which introduces a coherentist aspect. Lewis’s work suggests that while some aspects of justification are foundational (based on direct experience), they are interwoven with the coherence of the interpretive framework.
Connection to Chisholm
Chisholm’s dual-aspect view of justification parallels these thinkers:
- From Haack, Chisholm’s view reflects the integration of foundational and coherent elements, suggesting an interplay between independently justified beliefs and the coherence of the belief system.
- From Lewis, Chisholm inherits the idea that foundational experiences (e.g., the given) must be complemented by conceptual and coherentist structures to provide full justification.
In summary, Chisholm’s perspective finds resonance in Haack’s foundherentism and Lewis’s integration of the given and conceptual interpretation, both of which explore the relationship between foundational and coherent elements in epistemic justification.