Ethics

PREFACE

1. MORALITY AND MORAL PHILOSOPHY
   • An Example of Ethical Thinking (Socrates)
   • The Nature of Ethics or Moral Philosophy
   • The Nature of Morality
   • Factors in Morality
   • Kinds of Normative Judgment
   • Program for Rest of Book
2. EGOISTIC AND DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES
   • The Primary Question
   • Importance of Factual Knowledge and Conceptual Clarity
   • Prevailing Rules as a Standard
   • Teleological Theories
   • Deontological Theories
   • Ethical Egoism
   • Psychological Egoism
   • Act-deontological Theories
   • Rule-deontological Theories
   • The Divine Command Theory
   • Kant's Theory
3. UTILITARIANISM, JUSTICE, AND LOVE
   • Utilitarianism
   • Act-utilitarianism
   • General Utilitarianism
   • Rule-utilitarianism
   • My Proposed Theory of Obligation
   • The Principle of Beneficence
   • The Principle of Justice: Equality
   • Summary of My Theory of Obligation
   • The Problem of Conflict
   • A Problem of Application
   • Duties to Self
   • Are Any Rules Absolute?
   • The Ethics of Love
   • Further Problems
4. MORAL VALUE AND RESPONSIBILITY
   • Moral and Nonmoral Senses of "Good,"
   • Morality and Cultivation of Traits
   • Ethics of Virtue
   • On Being and Doing: Morality of Traits vs. Morality of Principles
   • Moral Ideals
   • Dispositions to Be Cultivated
   • Two Questions
   • Moral Responsibility
   • Free Will and Responsibility
5. INTRINSIC VALUE AND THE GOOD LIFE
   • Preliminary Remarks
   • "Good" and Its Senses
   • Theories about What Is Good as an End: Hedonism and Non-hedonism
   • The First Line of Debate
   • The Second Line of Debate
   • Some Conclusions
   • The Good Life
6. MEANING AND JUSTIFICATION
   • Meta-ethics and Its Questions
   • Theories of Justification
   • Definist Theories, Naturalistic and Metaphysical
   • Intuitionism
   • Noncognitive or Nondescriptivist Theories
   • Approach to an Adequate Theory
   • Relativism
   • A Theory of Justification
   • The Moral Point of View
   • Why Be Moral?

FOR FUTURE READING

INDEX